S&P 500 vs total market

VOO vs VTI in a taxable account

Compare an S&P 500 fund against a total US market fund, including coverage and distribution differences.

VOO tracks the S&P 500, which is large-cap US stocks. VTI holds the total US market, adding mid- and small-cap companies on top of the same large-cap core.

Both are broad, low-turnover index funds with similar distribution profiles, so the main difference is coverage rather than tax character. Run the backtest to see how the added mid- and small-cap exposure changes the after-tax path.

Historical results

$10,000 invested, 2011-01-03 to 2025-12-31

HoldingPre-tax valuePre-tax CAGRMax drawdownAfter-tax valueAfter-tax CAGR

S&P 500 (VOO)

VOO

$70,89513.96%-33.99%$66,30913.45%

Total market (VTI)

VTI

$66,47513.47%-35.00%$62,62113.02%

Historical results for a $10,000 lump sum with dividends reinvested and monthly rebalancing, as of 2025-12-31. Past performance does not guarantee future results. Not investment advice.

After-tax assumptions: Single filer, $150,000 income, taxable account, HIFO lots, 2026 federal brackets, no state tax.

Run it live with your own dates and tax profile

What you'll see when you run it

  • Compare the after-tax paths to see whether broader coverage changed the result.
  • Both funds are tax-efficient, so tax drag should look similar.
  • Change the date range to test different market regimes for small caps.

What this comparison covers

  • Index coverage: large-cap only versus the total US market.
  • Distribution yield and turnover, which are similar for both funds.
  • How mid- and small-cap exposure affects volatility and return.

FAQ

Do VOO and VTI have different tax treatment?

Their tax character is similar: both are broad, low-turnover index funds with comparable dividend yields. The difference is coverage, since VTI adds mid- and small-cap stocks that VOO does not hold.

Is there a large overlap between the two funds?

Yes. The S&P 500 makes up most of the total US market by weight, so VOO and VTI share their large-cap holdings. VTI differs mainly in the smaller-company tail.

Run this comparison with your own dates, account type, and tax profile.

Open the prefilled backtest

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